Energy Systems and Technology

Energy is the constraint under almost every other technology story. Compute needs electricity, electrification needs grids, industrial decarbonisation needs heat, and every scenario about robotics or space infrastructure eventually becomes an energy question.

This section covers solar and wind deployment, batteries and long-duration storage, grid flexibility and transmission, heat and industrial processes, nuclear fission and the state of fusion research, and the demand-side effects of data centres.

Cost curves and physical build-out rates matter more here than announcements, so the emphasis is on what is being installed and what limits the rate of installation.